Measuring the rise of economic nationalism by Monica de Bolle and Jeromin Zettelmeyer published by PIIE (8/2019). “…As of 2018, economic policy preferences in emerging-market economies were more nationalist and less liberal than in advanced countries, but the gap has narrowed. Right-wing parties tend to be more nationalist than left-wing parties in the areas of immigration restrictions, FDI restrictions, and antimultilateralism, but there is no significant difference with respect to trade protectionism.”
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